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Data Processing in Automobiles
1. Requirements
2. Design, Features
 Design
 Features
 The OSI reference model
 Operating principle of the OSI reference model
 The OSI reference model in automobiles
 Network topology
 Bus systems in the automobile
Overview of the bus systems
3. CAN bus
4. Local subsystems (LIN)
5. Optical data bus
6.Wireless data bus
7. Datenbus-Diagnose
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Overview of the bus systems currently installed in production




LIN - Local Interconnect Network



  • Bus system within a limited space, therefore also the called local bus or sub-bus . >
  • Design as one-wire copper line without shielding.
  • Low transmission rate, but very stable.
  • Economical, standard and widely used.
  • Primarily used for roof modules, air conditioners, etc. for instance



Bluetooth



  • Well-known radio link from the mobile telephone technology, i.e. wireless. 
  • Increasing popularity because of its reliable transmission and it is economical.
  • Transmission distance up to 10m (with special applications up to 100m).
  • Used in automobiles- by Audi in the A8 as of model year 2003: Connection of the mobile handset to the GSM fixed installation module.



MOST - Media Oriented System Transport



  • Ring shape designed bus system
  • Transmission medium fibre optic cables (optical cable, fibreglass cable; no electrical wires).
  • Very high rate of transmission.
  • Application in the information and entertainment area (Infotainment), mobile audio, video and navigation systems and Internet access.



Byteflight



  • Star shaped designed bus system.
  • High quality, very fast, and stable but expensive.
  • Fibre optic cable transmission medium.
  • Application in BMW luxury automobiles, primarily in the drive train and in safety systems, e.g. air bags.



CAN - Controller Area Network



  • Linear designed bus system
  • Twin-wire copper without shielding for a transmission medium.
  • Middle to high transmission rate; standardised up to diagnostic CAN.
  • Application primarily in the drive train, in the body and in the safety and comfort systems.



Flexray



  • safety-related uses, suitable for real-time systems
  • planned adoption as backbone for other bus systems
  • In the future as the case may be replacing today's high-speed CAN applications, in the long run:
    Brake-by-wire, Steer-by-.wire
  • Topology: line-topology, star-topolgy or hybrid (line- and star-topology)
  • Fault tolerance mechanisms
  • Very high rate of transmission (10 MBit/s) (optional on two channels; second channel can be used redundant or for increasing the available rate of transmission)
  • Adoption for example witin the BMW X5 (model 2007) AdaptiveDrive special equipment;  Flexray is used for controlling shock absorber valves that adapt the undercarriage's characteristics.