Mode of operation

The Bluetooth technology uses the world-wide, license-free, available 2.45-GHz frequency band. The extremely short wave length of this frequency range makes the use of longer or more complicated antennas unnecessary. This simplifies the miniaturisation of Bluetooth modules and enables integration of small electronic devices. The range is limited to ten metres, however additional signal boosters can also allow a range of up to 100 metres. The data transmission rate is up to 1 Mbit/s.

The radio link always occurs when two Bluetooth devices meet each other. In these cases a personal area network is formed, which is also called a "piconet". A piconet can accept up to 8 active and 256 passive devices. In each piconet one device receives the Master function. This Master establishes the connection and appoints transmission approval. All the other devices synchronise themselves to this Master.

Each Bluetooth device has a world-wide unique address, which enables distinct identification. Then it can set up which device may be communicated with and which one may not.